PHA 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE, MATAGUMPAY!

Bilang bahagi ng taunang pagdiriwang ng Linggo ng Kasaysayan (September 15-21), ang Philippine Historical Association  ay nagsasagawa ng pambansang kumperensiya  ukol sa mga napapanahong paksa sa pananaliksik at pagtuturo ng Kasaysayan . 

Ngayong taon ay matagumpay na naisagawa ng PHA ang kumperensiya nito na may temang "Magkakatuwang na Larangan, Magpapatingkad ng Kabuluhan: Ang Paggamit ng mga Agham Panlipunan sa Pagtuturo ng Kasaysayan" (History and the Social Sciences). Isinagawa ito nitong Setyembre 15-16 sa Bulwagan ng National Historical Commission of the Philippines, Ermita, Maynila na dinaluhan ng nasa isaandaang mga historyador, guro at mananaliksik sa kasaysayan. 

Sa pagbubukas ng kumperensiya ay nag-alay ng panalangin at sandaling katahimikan ang lahat sa alaala ng dalawang historyador ng PHA na sumakabilang-buhay ngayong taon – sina Dean Gloria Santos at Dr. Dante Ambrosio.   Nagbigay ng maiikling pagbabahagi sina Prop. Oscar Evangelista ukol kay Dean Santos bilang malapit na kaibigan sa PHA at Xiao Chua ukol kay Dr Ambrosio bilang mentor sa Kasaysayan.  Ipinalabas din ang huling panayam kay Dean Santos sa dokumentaryo ni Xiao Chua ukol sa kabayanihang Pilipino noong panahon ng pananakop ng mga Hapon.

Sa unang araw ng kumperensiya ay nagsalita sina: Dr. Teofista Vivar, Dr. Evelyn Miranda (UP Diliman), Dr. Ma. Luisa Camagay (UP Diliman) at Prop. Praksis Miranda ukol sa papel ng Panitikan, Sosyolohiya at Demograpiya sa pagtuturo at pananaliksik sa Kasaysayan; Dr. Estrellita Muhi ukol sa Kasaysayan at Agham Pampulitika; at Dr. Celestina Boncan (UP Manila) ukol sa Kasaysayang Pangkabuhayan ng Pilipinas. Nakibahagi rin sa programa ang kasalukuyang tagapangulo ng Pambansang Suriang Pangkasaysayan, Dr. Maris Diokno at inihatid ang magandang balita ukol sa positibong pag-apruba ng pamahalaan sa badyet ng NHCP at pagtataas pa nga nito para sa ilang malalaking proyekto. Gayundin ay binanggit ni Dr. Diokno ang kanyang mga plano para sa pagsasaaayos at modernisasyon ng mga shrine at museum ng NHCP.  Pinaalam din niya sa lahat na ang NHCP ay magsisimula nang maghanda sa nalalapit na pagdiriwang ng ika-150 taon nina Andres Bonifacio sa 2013 at Apolinario Mabini sa 2014. Nabanggit din niya ang pakikipag-ugnayan ng kanyang tanggapan sa DepEd para sa mga usaping may kinalaman sa Araling Panlipunan/Kasaysayan sa larangan ng Batayang Edukasyon, tulad ng sa bagong kurikulum at pagsasagawa ng kongreso ng mga guro ng araling panlipunan, at pagtatatag ng isang samahan ng mga guro ng araling panlipunan sa bansa. 


Nagtapos ang unang araw sa isang lakbay-gunita at pag-aalay ng bulaklak sa monumento ni Rizal sa pangunguna ni Prop. Xiao Chua. Si Prop. Mitzi Icasiano (Enderun Colleges) at Prop. Arnaldo Mendoza (First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities) ang nag-alay ng bulaklak. 

Sa ikalawang araw ng kumperensiya ay nagsalita sina: Prop. Jerome Ong (UP Manila) ukol sa Kasaysayan at Heograpiya;  Prop. Arleigh Ross Dela Cruz (DLSU) ukol Kasaysayang Medikal ng Pilipinas; Dr. Evelyn Songco (UST) ukol sa papel ng assessment sa pagtuturo ng kasaysayan; at Dr. Ambeth Ocampo ukol kay Rizal at sa kanyang interes sa Agham Panlipunan. Nagtapos ang ikalawang araw ng kumperensiya sa pag-awit ng “Pilipinas Kong Mahal” habang ipinapasa sa bawat delegado ang nakatuping bandila ng Pilipinas bilang simbolo ng pagkakaisa ng mga guro ng kasaysayan sa layuning itaguyod at pag-igtingin ang pagmamahal sa bayan sa pagtuturo ng kasaysayan sa kabataang Pilipino.

Nagsilbing mga guro ng palatuntunan sina Prop. Jonathan Balsamo (Heroes Square) at Prop. Mary Dorothy Jose (UP Manila). Si Gng. Ma. Theresa Fidelino (Angelicum College) ang nagbigay pangkalahatang impresyon sa kumperensiya sa ngalan ng lahat ng mga delegado.

Nagpapasalamat ang PHA sa Vibal Publishing House at National Historical Commission, CHED at DepEd sa suporta at tulong na nagbigay-daan sa matagumpay na pagsasagawa ng kumperensiya.

Narito ang ilang mga larawan mula kina Jonathan Balsamo at Xiao Chua.

 

Panoorin ang pagtatapos ng kumperensiya sa sama-samang pag-awit ng" Pilipinas kong Mahal" at simbolikong pagpapasa ng nakatuping bandila ng ating bansa:


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8M-5B-rSFNI&feature=channel_video_title

2011 National Heroes Day Commemorative Lecture

The Philippine Historical Association

National Historical Commission of the Philippines

and

UST College of Education

Present

Rizal’s Noli and Fili: 

Mirror of the 19th Century Philippine Economy

A lecture in celebration of the National Heroes Day

August 24, 2011, 9:00 a.m.

Tan Yan Kee Auditorium

Tan Yan Kee Building

University of Santo Tomas

Program

Invocation

  Ms. Venice Picadizo

Coordinator, History Department

UST College of Education

National Anthem

Opening Remarks

Prof. Evelyn A. Songco

President, Philippine Historical Association

Lecture:

Rizal’s Noli and Fili:Mirror of the 19th Century Philippine Economy

Dr. Celestina P. Boncan

Immediate Past President, PHA

University of the Philippines Manila

Open Forum

Closing Remarks

Prof. Clotilde N. Arcangel

Dean, UST College of Education

Master of Ceremonies: 

Mr. Jonathan Balsamo 

Heroes Square Heritage Corporation

ABSTRACT

Rizal’s Noli and Fili: Mirror of 19^th Century

Philippine Economic Conditions

Celestina P. Boncan, Ph.D.

University of the Philippines Manila

PHA President 2006-2008

A noted Filipino writer once said that Rizal used numerous appellations to the gods and goddesses of Mt. Olympus in describing the characters in the Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo.¹ Crisostomo Ibarra called Maria Clara as Chloe when he placed on her head a garland of orange leaves and blossoms. As if to denote her hideous countenance, Donya Consolacion was Medusa, a woman monster with wings and snaky hair. Ibarra himself, for donating a schoolhouse to the town of San Diego, was “a devotee of Minerva” (the goddess of wisdom). According to the author, the allusions from Greek and Roman mythology were no doubt due to Rizal’s classical education.

In his dedication to the Noli and the Fili, Rizal referred to a grave illness --- a disease of so malignant a character that the least touch irritates it and awakens in it the sharpest pains (sakit na mayroong mga mapaminsalang galamay na lumilikha ng malaking kasiraan sa katawan bago pa makaramdam ng sakit ay talamak na sa katawan). And yet, Rizal says, “no one has dared to dissect this disease of society for fear that they would come to trouble” (walang makapangahas na sumalang sa sakit ng lipunan noon dahil sa takot na sila ay mapahamak).

While the Noli and the Fili epitomized Rizal’s social criticism of 19^th century Philippines, the two novels reveal in economic terms this disease that the Motherland (Inang Bayan) suffered from. The 19^th century saw numerous economic developments that Rizal in particular alluded to in his essay Filipinas dentro de cien años. In fact, these economic changes greatly changed the face of colonial society in the Philippines and exacerbated the “illness” which for centuries before existed into the “cancer” that it had become in the 19^th century.

Rizal realistically depicted prevailing economic conditions 19^th century Philippines through his portrayals of different characters in the Noli and the Fili as well as the choice of certain selected places from where the different sub-plots take place. Thus, characters like Crisostomo Ibarra, Elias, Capitan Tiago in the Noli and Kabesang Tales, Quiroga and even Mr. Leeds in the Fili denote key economic developments happening in the Philippines in the 19^th century.

Through these portrayals Rizal showed the depth of his understanding of the economic travails that the Philippines suffered from and contributed to the “cancer” of his time. This is quite notable in that Rizal wrote much, if not all, of the novels’ chapters while he was away from the Philippines ---- as he was in Europe, steeped in medical studies and travels to various European cities.

1^ Armando J. Malay. “Mythology in Rizal’s Novels” in Historical Bulletin Vol. V, December 1961, Nos. 1-4

SYMPOSIUM ON KOREAN WAR: PEFTOK'S GREATEST BATTLES

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE - PHILIPPINE VETERANS AFFAIRS OFFICE

PHILIPPINE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION

SYMPOSIUM ON KOREAN WAR:  PEFTOK'S GREATEST BATTLES                                                                 

31 August 2011, NDCP Auditorium, Camp Aguinaldo
8:00 am -12:00 noon                                                                                                                          

BACKGROUND ON KOREAN WAR                                                                                                                                            

MR. ART VILLASANTA                                                                                                             

Son of a Korean War Correspondent                                                                                                     

                                                                                                                                                              

BATTLE OF YULDONG                                                                                   

DR. RICARDO T. JOSE                                                                     

University of the Philippines Diliman                                                                                                                      

BATTLE OF EERIE HILL   

PROFESSOR JANET ATUTUBO

University of Santo Tomas                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                              

OPEN FORUM

PEFTOKER ERNESTO A. VENTURINA  - 19TH  BCT 
PEFTOKER JOVENCIO DOMINGUEZ - 19TH BCT 
PEFTOKER FAUSTINO TUMAMAK - 10Th BCT
PEFTOKER FRANCISCO TAMONDONG - 10TH BCT        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

* FREE REGISTRATION, FIRST COME FIRST SERVED BASIS 
* FREE SNACK & LUNCH   

* For Reservation/Inquiries call 9114296, 4013101

2011 Annual Conference of the Philippine Historical Association

The Philippine Historical Association is pleased to announce its 2011 National Conference to be held on September 15 – 16, 2011 at the Conference Hall of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP), T.M. Kalaw Street, Ermita, Manila. Theme of the Conference is “Magkakatuwang na Larangan, Magpapatingkad ng Kabuluhan: Ang Paggamit ng mga Agham Panlipunan sa Pagtuturo ng Kasaysayan” (History with the other Social Sciences).  It aims to help teachers of history to:

·         Use the other social sciences more effectively in teaching history.

·        Use measures of student achievement in the classroom with preference on the higher order of thinking.

·         Exchange their insights and experiences in the teaching of history.

The Registration, which will cover lunch, snacks and kit is P2, 500. Payment may be done by depositing to any Banco De Oro (BDO) Branch  [Bank Account No. 004558003041; Account name: Philippine Historical Association]. 

For details, contact:

DR. EVELYN A. SONGCO Assistant to the Rector for Student Affairs University of Santo Tomas Telefax: 731-2985

MR. JONATHAN C. BALSAMO Head for Historical Education Heroes Square Heritage Corporation Telefax: 421-0993 Mobile No.: 0906-2020-274 E-mail: jobal_kasaysayan@yahoo.com

Please confirm attendance on or before September 9 by filling–up the Confirmation slip below and fax to 641 – 0936 or 731- 2985 or email to jobal_kasaysayan@yahoo.com. 

PHILIPPINE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 2011 NATIONAL CONFERENCE CONFIRMATION SLIP
Please attach the bank deposit slip as proof of payment.

The following History/Social Studies teachers from    (name of school) will attend the Conference.                                                                            

1.	4.
2.	5.
3.	6.

Name and Signature                               Position:                                                     


Download the DepEd advisory at:  http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/DA%20No.%20385%20s.%202011.pdf

“Magkakatuwang na Larangan, Magpapatingkad ng Kabuluhan: Ang Paggamit ng mga Agham Panlipunan sa Pagtuturo ng Kasaysayan” (History with the other Social Sciences).  
PHA 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE

Tentative Program

Day 1: September 15, Thursday

Master of Ceremonies: Prof. Jonathan C. Balsamo

8:00 – 9:00	Registration
9:00 – 9:45	Opening Ceremony Invocation National Anthem Welcome Address Opening Remarks Presentation of the Participants	Hon. Ludovico D. Badoy Executive Director, National Historical Commission of the Philippines Dr. Evelyn A. Songco PHA President Prof. Jerome A. Ong PHA Secretary
9:45 – 10:15	Break
10:15 – 11:00	Keynote Address	Dr. Maria Serena I. Diokno Chair, National Historical Commission of the Philippines
11:00- 12:00
12:00 – 1:00	Lunch Break
1:00 – 3:00	Panel Discussion: The Role of Anthropology, Sociology, and Language in the Teaching of History	Dr. Evelyn A. Miranda (UP Diliman) Dr. Teofista L. Vivar Prof. Michael Charleston Chua (De La Salle University)
3:00 – 3:30	Snacks
3:30 – 4:15	The Use of Political Science in Teaching History	Dr. Estrelita T. Muhi
4:15 – 5:00	History and Demography	Dr. Ma. Luisa T. Camagay
Day 2: September 16, Friday
8:00 – 9:00	“Weder-weder lang ‘Yan: Ang Heograpiya sa Pagtuturo ng Kasaysayan”	Prof. Jerome Ong (UP Manila)
9:00 – 10:00	Economics in Teaching History	Dr. Celestina P. Boncan (UP Manila)
10:00 – 10:30	Snacks
10:30 – 11:30 11:30-12:00	History, Diseases and Medicine: Teaching History of Medicine and Veterinary History in the Classroom Open Forum	Prof. Arleigh Dela Cruz (De La Salle University)
12:00 – 1:00	Lunch
1:00- 2:00	Measuring Cognitive Development in History	Dr. Evelyn A. Songco (University of Santo Tomas)
2:00 – 3:30	Rizal and the Social Sciences	Dr. Ambeth R. Ocampo (Ateneo de Manila University)
3:30 – 4:00	Break
4:00 – 5:00	Closing Ceremony

PHA 2011 Annual Conference

Philippine Historical Association 2011 Annual Conference

Theme: History and the Other Social Sciences
Speakers:
1. Dr. Maria Serena Diokno
2. Dr. Ambeth R. Ocampo
3. Dr. Evelyn A. Miranda
4. Dr. Celestina P. Boncan
5. Prof. Jerome A. Ong
6. Prof. Arleigh Ross Dela Cruz
7. Prof. Michael Charleston B. Chua
8. Prof. Jonathan Balsamo
9. Dr. Estrellita Muhi
10. Dr. Teofista Vivar

Date: September 15-16, 2011

Venue: National Historical Commission of the Philippines, TM Kalaw Street, Manila

Registration Fee: Php 2,500.00

For details and confirmation, contact:

Dr. Evelyn A. Songco
Assistant to the Rector for Student Affairs
University of Santo Tomas
Telefax: 731-2985

Jonathan C. Balsamo
Head for Historical Education
Heroes Square Heritage Corporation
Telefax: 421-0993

Registration Fee:

2011 Commemorative lecture on Apolinario Mabini

The National Historical Commission of the Philippines and the Municipal Government of Tanauan, Batangas will hold a symposium on July 12, 2011 from 9:00am to 12noon at the Mabini Shrine in Tanauan in commemoration of the 147^th birth anniversary of Apolinario Mabini. Dr. Celestina Boncan, PHA President 2006-2008, has been invited as guest speaker to give a lecture entitled “My Idol, My Hero: The Untold Story of Apolinario ‘Ka Pule’ Mabini.”

Everyone is invited to attend.

Learning from the Past: Workshop for Social Science Teachers and History Enthusiasts

In celebration of Independence Day and Rizal’s 150th birthday, social science teachers and history enthusiasts are invited to this lecture on reading and teaching history. The seminar will focus on developing simple and fun activities for the social studies classroom.

The workshop will be held at, and with the support of, Lopez Memorial Museum and Library. Facilitator Dr. Celestina Boncan (former president of the Philippine Historical Associate, and official spokesperson of the National Historical Institute regarding Philippine historical controversies) has provided us with the course outline:

Module 1: Focus on Content

Session One: Controversies and Fallacies in Philippine History
Session Two: Heroes and the Heroic Tradition
Module 2: Focus on Research

Session One: Learning History and Social Studies through Documents
Session Two: Learning History and Social Studies through Natural Sites and Built Structures

Contact Ergoe through 352-6765 local 119 or ergoe [at] adarna.com.ph to request registration forms and for any other concern. Visit www.adarna.com.ph.

Ambeth Ocampo's History Comes Alive Lecture on June 25 at Ayala Museum

HISTORY COMES ALIVE! REOPENS WITH ‘MUKHANG PERA!’

Following up on last year’s highly successful run, the History Comes Alive! with Dr. Ambeth Ocampo lecture series opens with “Mukhang Pera! Banknotes and Nation” on 25 June, 3 PM at the Ayala Museum lobby.

“Banknotes are so common, we see and use them daily, but we rarely notice the pictures and text that are on them,” Prof. Ocampo explains. His upcoming lecture will answer why particular individuals are chosen (and, just as interestingly, not chosen) to have their busts printed on money. “Mukhang Pera” also explores how banknotes refer to Philippine history, re-present the nation and express identity.

“After this lecture,” Dr. Ocampo adds, “you will never look at money the same way again.”

Ambeth R. Ocampo is Chairman of the Department of History, Ateneo de Manila University and is a widely read columnist. A former President of the Philippine Historical Association, he also served as Chairman at the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (2002-2011) and Chairman at the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (2005-2007).

Tickets are inclusive of lecture and museum admission fee, as well as a free book by Dr. Ocampo. For inquiries and reservations, call 757-7117 to 21 local 35 or email education@ayalamuseum.org.

Ayala Museum, the country’s premiere museum of fine art and history and cultural destination, is located at Makati Avenue corner De la Rosa Street, Greenbelt Park, Makati City. For more information on this year’s History Comes Alive! line up of lectures, visit www.ayalamuseum.org.

2011 Independence Day Colloquium

Philippine Historical Association

Kalayaan 2011 Technical Working Group

National Historical Commission of the Philippines

2011 Independence Day Colloquium

"Reflections on Nationhood"

June 10, 2011 (Friday); 1:00 pm – 4:00 pm

Multi Media Center, 2nd floor Javier Hall

University of Batangas, Batangas City

National Anthem: University of Batangas Stringers

Invocation: Mr. Bryan Benson Bagos 

Welcome Remarks: Dr. Abegayle Machelle Perez- Chua, Vice President for Academic Affairs, University of Batangas

Opening Remarks: Dr. Evelyn A. Songco, President, Philippine Historical Association

Rizal’s Noli and Fili: Mirror of 19^th Century Philippine Economic Conditions

Dr. Celestina P. Boncan (UP Manila)

Ang Konsepto ng Pagkabansa nina Andres Bonifacio at ng Katipunan sa Kapatiran at Kaginhawaan

Prop. Michael Charleston B. Chua (De La Salle University Manila)

Ang Papel ng Kababaihan sa Pagbubuo ng Bayan

Prop. Mary Dorothy dL. Jose (UP Manila)

Bakit inilipat ang pesta ng Araw ng Kalayaan mula Hulyo 4, 1946 tungo sa Hunyo 12, 1898?

Dr. Evelyn A. Miranda (Dating Tagapangulo, UP Departamento ng Kasaysayan)

OPEN FORUM

Celebrating Rizal @ 150

CREATING A “RIZAL CORNER” IN SCHOOLS

Jonathan C. Balsamo (Heroes Square Heritage Corporation)

Closing Remarks: Ms. Quennie Ann Palafox, National Historical Commission of the Philippines

Moderator: Mr. Redentor Rodriguez (Faculty, UB  High School)

RIZAL’S NOLI AND FILI: MIRROR OF 19^TH CENTURY PHILIPPINE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Celestina P. Boncan, Ph.D.

University of the Philippines Manila

PHA President 2006-2008

A noted Filipino writer once said that Rizal used numerous appellations to the gods and goddesses of Mt. Olympus in describing the characters in the Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo.[1] Crisostomo Ibarra called Maria Clara as Chloe when he placed on her head a garland of orange leaves and blossoms. As if to denote her hideous countenance, Donya Consolacion was Medusa, a woman monster with wings and snaky hair.  Ibarra himself, for donating a schoolhouse to the town of San Diego, was “a devotee of Minerva” (the goddess of wisdom). According to the author, the allusions from Greek and Roman mythology were no doubt due to Rizal’s classical education.

In his dedication to the Noli and the Fili, Rizal referred to a grave illness --- a disease of so malignant a character that the least touch irritates it and awakens in it the sharpest pains (sakit na mayroong mga mapaminsalang galamay na lumilikha ng malaking kasiraan sa katawan bago pa makaramdam ng sakit ay talamak na sa katawan). And yet, Rizal says, “no one has dared to dissect this disease of society for fear that they would come to trouble” (walang makapangahas na sumalang sa sakit ng lipunan noon dahil sa takot na sila ay mapahamak).

While the Noli and the Fili epitomized Rizal’s social criticism of 19^th century Philippines, the two novels reveal in economic terms this disease that the Motherland (Inang Bayan) suffered from. The 19^th century saw numerous economic developments that Rizal in particular alluded to in his essay Filipinas dentro de cien años. In fact, these economic changes greatly changed the face of colonial society in the Philippines and exacerbated the “illness” which for centuries before existed into the “cancer” that it had become in the 19^th century.

Rizal realistically depicted prevailing economic conditions 19^th century Philippines through his portrayals of different characters in the Noli and the Fili as well as the choice of certain selected places from where the different sub-plots take place. Thus, characters like Crisostomo Ibarra, Elias, Capitan Tiago in the Noli and Kabesang Tales, Quiroga and even Mr. Leeds in the Fili denote key economic developments happening in the Philippines in the 19^th century.

Through these portrayals Rizal showed the depth of his understanding of the economic travails that the Philippines suffered from and contributed to the “cancer” of his time. This is quite notable in that Rizal wrote much, if not all, of the novels’ chapters while he was away from the Philippines ---- as he was in Europe, steeped in medical studies and travels to various European cities.

ANG KONSEPTO NG PAGKABANSA NINA ANDRES BONIFACIO AT NG KATIPUNAN BATAY SA KAPATIRAN AT KAGINHAWAAN

Michael Charleston “Xiao” Briones Chua

Pamantasang De La Salle Maynila

Pangalawang Pangulo, Philippine Historical Association

                Lumaganap ang stereotype sa mga Katipunero bilang mga bobong masa na nag-alsa ng walang katinuan at ang Katipunan bilang samahan na lumaganap lamang sa mga Tagalog.  Ngunit kung titingnan ang literatura na nagmula at tinangkilik sa Katipunan huhubaran nito ang ideyang bobo sina Bonifacio at ang kanyang mga rebolusyunaryo sapagkat ang sinasalamin ng mga akda ay ang malalim nilang pagkaugat sa kalinangan at nakaraan at malinaw na konsepto ng inaadhikang bansa na nakabatay sa Sanduguan at Kapatiran.  Ang kanilang ideya ng bansa ay nag-uugat sa dalumat o konsepto ng Inang Bayan, kung saan ang lahat ay magkakapatid sa pag-ibig sa bayan (Anak ng Bayan).  Habang ang tunay na kalayaan ay kaginhawaan, at ang batis ng kaginhawaan ay ang matuwid na kaluluwa ng mga anak ng bayan.  Samakatuwid mahalaga sa mga rebolusyunaryo ang maganda/matuwid/dalisay na kaluluwa na naiingatan sa pamamagitan ng anting-anting at naipapamalas sa pamamagitan ng magandang asal.  Ibig sabihin, hindi sapat ang pulitikal na kasarinlan lamang, kailangan ng kagandahang asal ng bawat isang kapatid.  Makikita ito sa Kartilya na maituturing na Saligang Batas ng Katipunan, na may ugat sa mga sinaunang kasabihan na tumutukoy sa marangal na pamumuhay.  Ang lahat ng ito tungo sa inaadhikang tunay na kalayaan na nagsisimula sa kaginhawaan at kagandahang asal.

ANG PAPEL NG KABABAIHAN SA PAGBUBUO NG BAYAN

Prop. Mary Dorothy dL. Jose

University of the Philippines Manila

Kasapi, Lupon ng Philippine Historical Association

Kadalasang binibigyang-pugay natin sina Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Apolinario Mabini at Emilio Jacinto bilang tagapagsimula ng  konsepto ng pagbubuo ng bayan. Mula sa kanilang mga akda ay mababanaag natin ang kanilang konsepto ng bayan/nasyong nais maitatag na bagamat may pagkakaiba sa paniniwala, layunin at pamamaraan ay iisa ang direksyong tinatahak---ang pagtatatag ng bayan/nasyon.

Sa kaabalahan nating maparangalan ang mga tagapagtaguyod ng bayan/nasyon sa ika-19 na dantaon, naisasantabi natin ang iba pang grupo ng taong masasabing nagpamalas din ng sariling uri ng nasyonalismo (o proto-nasyonalismo) sa kanilang mga pag-aalsa o mga isinulat na akda. Halimbawa ay sina Hermano Puli at ang kanyang Cofradia de San Jose, si Diego Silang at ang kanyang pag-aalsa sa Ilocos, si Dagohoy at ang kanyang pag-aalsa sa Bohol, si Francisco Baltazar at ang kanyang Florante at Laura, at marami pang iba.

Gayundin, hindi gaanong nabibigyang-pansin ang isang sektor ng lipunang may ginampanan ding mahalagang papel sa pakikibaka para sa bayan---ang kababaihan. Kadalasang ang pinakakikila lamang ng mga mag-aaral na babaeng lumahok sa Katipunan ay si Melchora Aquino o Tandang Sora. Subalit ang kinakatawan ni Tandang Sora ay isa lamang sa samu’t saring papel na ginampanan ng kababaihan sa Katipunan. Kung kilala man natin sina Teresa Magbanua, Trinidad Tecson at Agueda Kahabagan bilang magigiting na Katipunera, ito ay sa kadahilanang “kumilos silang parang lalaki” sa pamamagitan ng paglahok sa aktwal na labanan. Sa ganitong tradisyunal at limitadong batayan ng kabayanihan, hindi nabibigyan ng sapat na pagkilala ang mga kababaihang sa kani-kanilang pamamaraan ay may ginampanang tungkulin sa pakikipaglaban para sa bayan, at sa pakikilahok sa pagbubuo ng bayan. Layunin ng papel na ito kilalanin ang bahagi ng kababaihan sa napakahalagang yugtong ito ng ating kasaysayan.

“BAKIT INILIPAT ANG PETSA NG KALAYAAN MULA HULYO 4, 1946 TUNGO HUNYO 12, 1898?”

Evelyn A. Miranda, Ph.D.

Propesor ng Kasaysayan (Ret.), UP Diliman

Dating Pangulo, Philippine Historical Association

Bakit Hunyo 12, 1898  ang napiling petsa? Sa papel na ito tatalakayin ang mga dahilan o argumento kung bakit ang petsang Hunyo 12, 1898 ang itinakdang petsa ng Araw ng Kalayaan. Sang-ayon sa isang historyador, mayroong limang proklamasyon ng kalayaan ang Pilipinas. Una, ang proklamasyon na ginawa ni Andres Bonifacio at kanyang mga kasama sa kweba ng Pamitinan, Montalban, Lalawigan ng Rizal noong Good Friday o Biyernes Santo, Abril 1895.  Ang sumunod na proklamasyon ay ang Sigaw sa Balintawak noong Agosto 23, 1896. Si Bonifacio at ang kanyang mga kapwa Katipunero ay pinunit ang kanilang mga cedula at pagkatapos ay sumigaw ng “Mabuhay ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas!” Ang ikatlo ay ang Oktubre 1896 manipesto ni Emilio Aguinaldo na kung saan hinikayat niya ang mga Filipino na lumaban tungo sa pagkakamit ng kalayaan. Ang ikaapat ay ginawa rin sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Aguinaldo noong Hunyo 12, 1898 sa Kawit. Ang ikalima ay ang Oktubre 14, 1943 Proklamasyon. Pinahayag ni Jose P. Laurel ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas sa ilalim ng pamamahala ng mga Hapon.

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[1] Armando J. Malay. “Mythology in Rizal’s Novels” in Historical Bulletin Vol. V, December 1961, Nos. 1-4